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Respiratory Symptoms From Inhaled Substances

Respiratory Symptoms From Inhaled Substances

Allergens

An allergen is a substance which is capable of initiating an allergic reaction. The most important inhaled allergens are tiny invisible pollen grains, mold spores, house dust and animal danders.

Allergy-causing pollens come from plant flowers which at certain times of the year release large quantities of light buoyant pollen which can be carried for miles by the wind. These flowers are inconspicuous and often don’t really look like blossoms. They include trees which pollinate in spring, grasses in summer, and weeds in the fall. (See OAAC educational material handout Pollen Seasons) Ornamental flowers are generally not very important in allergy. They have large sticky pollen grains that are carried to other flowers by insects. They are not sufficiently abundant in the air to cause symptoms unless an allergic person is very close to them. However, some ornamental flowers are related to weeds. This is why some ragweed-allergic patients have symptoms when they are close to chrysanthemums, zinnias, asters, daisies, etc.

There are many types of molds in our environment. They have varying preferences for the types of places and conditions under which they grow into colonies. Some prefer to colonize indoors, some outdoors. The spores released by colonies are carried through the air to new places suitable for new colony formation. These spores are smaller than pollen grains but like pollens can cause allergic symptoms when they are inhaled.

The important constituents of house dust are the products of microscopic organisms found in most homes. House dust mites and molds thrive in warm moist conditions.

Like humans, fur-bearing animals continually grow new layers of skin. The indoor pet’s “dander” (tiny flakes of the outer layer of skin) falls off, disintegrates, and causes symptoms when inhaled. During early stages of allergy to a pet, patients are often unaware that the animal is contributing to their symptoms.

If a person is allergic to a pet, he/she should strictly avoid the animal. Outdoor pets are not of major concern. Pets that are confined to a limited part of the house (such as a tiled or wood-floored utility room and kitchen) are better then pets that contaminate the entire house. At the very least, pets should be kept out of the allergic person’s bedroom at all times. (See OAAC educational material handout Environmental Controls for Indoor Allergens.)

Irritants

An irritant is a substance which may trigger certain symptoms strictly because of its irritating effects. The symptoms mimic allergy, but in fact they are not really the result of an allergic reaction. Some individuals are extremely sensitive to these inhales substances (which incidentally bother the average person very little). The basis for this extreme membrane sensitivity is not well understood, but it is not allergy.

The most common offenders are smoke, cold air, wind, temperature changes, and weather fronts. Other provoking factors which bother some people in varying degrees include sharp pungent odors (paint, turpentine, aerosol sprays, perfumes, cleansers, cosmetics, chemical odors, exhaust smoke, insecticides, detergents and new fabric odors).

Respiratory infection is included in this category as is external wheezing in asthmatics.

Some substances are not only allergens or irritants but can be both. Examples include house dust, feed and grain dusts, and live Christmas trees. In any given patient allergens, irritants or a combination of both may be of major importance in the production of either asthma or nasal symptoms.

Occasionally patients who are sensitive to both irritants and allergens will have useful reduction in nasal and chest symptoms caused by irritants when their allergies are successfully treated. More commonly their susceptibility to irritants remains a separate problem and the treatment is by appropriate medication and avoidance. Irritant induced symptoms are more difficult to treat than those from allergens.

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Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic Warns High Heat May Trigger Asthma Flare-Ups

Doctors urge residents to take precautions as extreme summer temperatures hit Oklahoma

With dangerous heat and humidity gripping Oklahoma and much of the Southern United States, the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic is urging individuals with asthma and respiratory conditions to take extra precautions. According to clinic physicians, extreme heat can significantly worsen asthma symptoms and contribute to a rise in asthma related medical emergencies during the summer months.

“Oklahomans with asthma need to take summer heat seriously,” said Dr. Dean Atkinson, a board-certified allergist at the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic. “High temperatures and humidity can combine with high pollen and high mold levels to create a perfect storm for asthma attacks.”

Excessive heat, often accompanied by high ozone levels, humidity, and stagnant air, poses multiple threats to individuals with asthma. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Lung Association, heat increases inflammation in the airways, while humidity can trap allergens like mold spores, dust mites, and pollen—making it harder to breathe and easier to trigger flare-ups.

“We see a clear uptick in asthma flare-ups during Oklahoma’s high heat index days,” added Atkinson. “Staying cool and following an asthma action plan are critical steps for staying safe.”

In Oklahoma, where summer temperatures often reach triple digits, local air quality can deteriorate rapidly. The Oklahoma region continues to experience “HIGH ALLERGY ALERT DAYS” and “Ozone Alert Days,” with elevated pollen, mold, and pollution levels that can exacerbate asthma symptoms, especially for children, seniors, and individuals with chronic lung disease.

TIPS TO HELP YOU BREATHE EASIER WHEN THE HEAT IS ON

To help residents protect their respiratory health, physicians at the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic recommend the following five strategies during extreme heat:

1. Stay indoors in air-conditioned spaces, especially during peak heat and ozone hours (typically mid-afternoon).

2. Stay hydrated to help maintain healthy airway function.

3. Check the Daily Pollen and Mold Report and the Air Quality Index (AQI) and avoid strenuous outdoor activity on high alert days.

4. Follow your asthma action plan and keep quick-relief inhalers accessible at all times.

5. Minimize exposure to additional triggers, such as cigarette smoke, cleaning chemicals, and other pollutants.

“Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat and poor air quality. Their lungs are still developing, and they tend to be more active outdoors, which increases their exposure to asthma triggers during high heat index days.” says Dr. Maya Gharfeh, another board-certified allergist at the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic

The Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic encourages all asthma patients to review their action plans and speak with their healthcare providers about how to adjust medications or activity levels during extreme weather.

For more information about asthma care, pollen counts, and summer safety tips, visit www.oklahomaallergy.com or follow the clinic on social media.

About Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic

Founded in 1925, Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma clinic has a 100-year history of patient-focused, state-of-the-art allergy and asthma care. Today, the clinic is home to 13 allergy and asthma specialists, caring for tens of thousands of patients a year with a focus on evidence-based treatment, research, and patient education. To learn more, visit OklahomaAllergy.com.

The post Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic Warns High Heat May Trigger Asthma Flare-Ups appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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