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Respiratory Symptoms From Inhaled Substances

Respiratory Symptoms From Inhaled Substances

Allergens

An allergen is a substance which is capable of initiating an allergic reaction. The most important inhaled allergens are tiny invisible pollen grains, mold spores, house dust and animal danders.

Allergy-causing pollens come from plant flowers which at certain times of the year release large quantities of light buoyant pollen which can be carried for miles by the wind. These flowers are inconspicuous and often don’t really look like blossoms. They include trees which pollinate in spring, grasses in summer, and weeds in the fall. (See OAAC educational material handout Pollen Seasons) Ornamental flowers are generally not very important in allergy. They have large sticky pollen grains that are carried to other flowers by insects. They are not sufficiently abundant in the air to cause symptoms unless an allergic person is very close to them. However, some ornamental flowers are related to weeds. This is why some ragweed-allergic patients have symptoms when they are close to chrysanthemums, zinnias, asters, daisies, etc.

There are many types of molds in our environment. They have varying preferences for the types of places and conditions under which they grow into colonies. Some prefer to colonize indoors, some outdoors. The spores released by colonies are carried through the air to new places suitable for new colony formation. These spores are smaller than pollen grains but like pollens can cause allergic symptoms when they are inhaled.

The important constituents of house dust are the products of microscopic organisms found in most homes. House dust mites and molds thrive in warm moist conditions.

Like humans, fur-bearing animals continually grow new layers of skin. The indoor pet’s “dander” (tiny flakes of the outer layer of skin) falls off, disintegrates, and causes symptoms when inhaled. During early stages of allergy to a pet, patients are often unaware that the animal is contributing to their symptoms.

If a person is allergic to a pet, he/she should strictly avoid the animal. Outdoor pets are not of major concern. Pets that are confined to a limited part of the house (such as a tiled or wood-floored utility room and kitchen) are better then pets that contaminate the entire house. At the very least, pets should be kept out of the allergic person’s bedroom at all times. (See OAAC educational material handout Environmental Controls for Indoor Allergens.)

Irritants

An irritant is a substance which may trigger certain symptoms strictly because of its irritating effects. The symptoms mimic allergy, but in fact they are not really the result of an allergic reaction. Some individuals are extremely sensitive to these inhales substances (which incidentally bother the average person very little). The basis for this extreme membrane sensitivity is not well understood, but it is not allergy.

The most common offenders are smoke, cold air, wind, temperature changes, and weather fronts. Other provoking factors which bother some people in varying degrees include sharp pungent odors (paint, turpentine, aerosol sprays, perfumes, cleansers, cosmetics, chemical odors, exhaust smoke, insecticides, detergents and new fabric odors).

Respiratory infection is included in this category as is external wheezing in asthmatics.

Some substances are not only allergens or irritants but can be both. Examples include house dust, feed and grain dusts, and live Christmas trees. In any given patient allergens, irritants or a combination of both may be of major importance in the production of either asthma or nasal symptoms.

Occasionally patients who are sensitive to both irritants and allergens will have useful reduction in nasal and chest symptoms caused by irritants when their allergies are successfully treated. More commonly their susceptibility to irritants remains a separate problem and the treatment is by appropriate medication and avoidance. Irritant induced symptoms are more difficult to treat than those from allergens.

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Not a Cold. Not the Flu. It’s Cedar Fever! Who Knew?

Runny nose, coughing, watery eyes – These are the symptoms Tess (not her real name) just couldn’t seem to shake.

The congestion set in after raking leaves.  Her first thought was, “Wow, I have caught a cold.”

But those pesky cold symptoms lingered.  She worried that perhaps she had contracted Covid, as some friends had tested positive for it recently. She felt fine but tested anyhow. Five negative Covid tests later, she was finally convinced it was not Covid.

So, it was not Covid. It was not a cold, and it was not influenza either. What was it?

It turns out the culprit was not a virus at all.  Tess was suffering from something called Cedar Fever.

“Cedar Fever is not really a fever and it is not a virus,” said Maya Gharfeh, MD, FACAAI, FAAAAI. “It is an allergic reaction to pollen from cedar trees, which do grow in abundance in this state and region. For some, the pollen triggers an allergic reaction.”

Most people worry about allergies in the spring and summer, but for some people, like me, allergies can also occur and sometimes be severe in the winter months too.

Cedar Fever

If you live in Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas or Missouri or somewhere where these trees are common and have a sensitivity to the pollen, you may notice seasonal allergy symptoms from these trees in the winter months.

Millions of cedar trees release large amounts of pollen each year, with pollen production typically reaching a peak in mid-January.  Tree experts know that when it is dry and windy, pollen cones open and release pollen grains. Some people have even captured video and pictures of the pollen clouds blowing off trees. 

What Are the Symptoms of Cedar Fever?

Dr. Gharfeh explained cedar fever is often confused with a cold or flu because of the time of year when it is most prevalent.

Cedar Fever symptoms are like many common allergy symptoms, and may include a runny nose or nasal congestion, itchiness, and sneezing. As the name suggests, some people may notice a warmer body temperature as part of their symptoms.

“We are talking about a mildly elevated body temperature or feeling slightly warm,” Gharfeh stressed. “If you are experiencing a high fever, it is likely that it is something more than allergies and you should see a primary care provider if those symptoms don’t fade.”

Here are a few other symptoms that sometimes occur with Cedar Fever:

  • Sore throat
  • Coughing
  • Difficulty smelling
  • Plugged ears
How Do You Treat Cedar Fever?

Cedar fever should not put you at risk for any health complications, but the symptoms can be uncomfortable.

“As with so many allergies, the appropriate treatment depends upon the patient and the severity of his or her symptoms,” Gharfeh explained.

Common treatments at home may include:

  • Prescription medications
  • Over-the-counter antihistamines
  • Over-the-counter medications

“For some simple over-the-counter medications are sufficient, but if you find that those medications are not enough, it might be time to talk with your doctor or an allergy specialist,” Gharfeh said. “At the Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic, we have 100 years of experience helping people navigate life with allergies. We are able to help determine the best treatment for your allergies, which may include stronger prescription medications.”

Prevention of Cedar Fever

Gharfeh explained that for those most susceptible to Cedar Fever, avoiding pollen as much as possible can help.  Here are a few strategies that may help:

  • Avoid outdoor activities when tree pollen counts are high
  • Close windows and change air filters often to reduce pollen levels in your home
  • If you need to do yard work, wear a mask to reduce exposure to cedar pollen
  • Vacuum and clean your home regularly to reduce indoor allergens

Tess has learned to watch the pollen counts displayed daily by the official Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic website, taking precautions when the tree pollen counts elevate, especially to medium (yellow on the graph) or higher.  The clinic’s pollen count is posted daily Monday through Friday and can be found here: https://oklahomaallergy.com/allergy-report/

With a simple pollen count check daily and some allergy medications, Tess finds she is better able to maneuver Cedar Fever season.

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Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic celebrates its 100th Anniversary this year. Founded in 1925, the clinic has a century of patient-focused, state-of-the-art allergy and asthma care. Today, the clinic is home to 13 allergy and asthma specialists, caring for tens of thousands of patients a year from across Oklahoma, the region and nation.  OAAC also has earned the Better Business Bureau’s Torch Award for Business Ethics, the Oklahoman’s Community’s Choice Award for Top Allergy Clinic, 405 Magazine’s Best OKC Allergy Clinic and the Journal Record’s Reader’s Rankings Award, among others. In addition, the clinic remains a staunch supporter of the community through organizations such as Allied Arts, United Way, the Oklahoma City Philharmonic and Museum of Art, Ronald McDonald House Charities of OKC, Toby Keith Foundation, Positive Tomorrows and more.

The post Not a Cold. Not the Flu. It’s Cedar Fever! Who Knew? appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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