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Respiratory Symptoms From Inhaled Substances

Respiratory Symptoms From Inhaled Substances

Allergens

An allergen is a substance which is capable of initiating an allergic reaction. The most important inhaled allergens are tiny invisible pollen grains, mold spores, house dust and animal danders.

Allergy-causing pollens come from plant flowers which at certain times of the year release large quantities of light buoyant pollen which can be carried for miles by the wind. These flowers are inconspicuous and often don’t really look like blossoms. They include trees which pollinate in spring, grasses in summer, and weeds in the fall. (See OAAC educational material handout Pollen Seasons) Ornamental flowers are generally not very important in allergy. They have large sticky pollen grains that are carried to other flowers by insects. They are not sufficiently abundant in the air to cause symptoms unless an allergic person is very close to them. However, some ornamental flowers are related to weeds. This is why some ragweed-allergic patients have symptoms when they are close to chrysanthemums, zinnias, asters, daisies, etc.

There are many types of molds in our environment. They have varying preferences for the types of places and conditions under which they grow into colonies. Some prefer to colonize indoors, some outdoors. The spores released by colonies are carried through the air to new places suitable for new colony formation. These spores are smaller than pollen grains but like pollens can cause allergic symptoms when they are inhaled.

The important constituents of house dust are the products of microscopic organisms found in most homes. House dust mites and molds thrive in warm moist conditions.

Like humans, fur-bearing animals continually grow new layers of skin. The indoor pet’s “dander” (tiny flakes of the outer layer of skin) falls off, disintegrates, and causes symptoms when inhaled. During early stages of allergy to a pet, patients are often unaware that the animal is contributing to their symptoms.

If a person is allergic to a pet, he/she should strictly avoid the animal. Outdoor pets are not of major concern. Pets that are confined to a limited part of the house (such as a tiled or wood-floored utility room and kitchen) are better then pets that contaminate the entire house. At the very least, pets should be kept out of the allergic person’s bedroom at all times. (See OAAC educational material handout Environmental Controls for Indoor Allergens.)

Irritants

An irritant is a substance which may trigger certain symptoms strictly because of its irritating effects. The symptoms mimic allergy, but in fact they are not really the result of an allergic reaction. Some individuals are extremely sensitive to these inhales substances (which incidentally bother the average person very little). The basis for this extreme membrane sensitivity is not well understood, but it is not allergy.

The most common offenders are smoke, cold air, wind, temperature changes, and weather fronts. Other provoking factors which bother some people in varying degrees include sharp pungent odors (paint, turpentine, aerosol sprays, perfumes, cleansers, cosmetics, chemical odors, exhaust smoke, insecticides, detergents and new fabric odors).

Respiratory infection is included in this category as is external wheezing in asthmatics.

Some substances are not only allergens or irritants but can be both. Examples include house dust, feed and grain dusts, and live Christmas trees. In any given patient allergens, irritants or a combination of both may be of major importance in the production of either asthma or nasal symptoms.

Occasionally patients who are sensitive to both irritants and allergens will have useful reduction in nasal and chest symptoms caused by irritants when their allergies are successfully treated. More commonly their susceptibility to irritants remains a separate problem and the treatment is by appropriate medication and avoidance. Irritant induced symptoms are more difficult to treat than those from allergens.

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Food Allergies and Theme Parks

By Eve Chen, USA TODAY

There’s a lot more to theme park food than funnel cakes and turkey legs. Many parks pride themselves on their array of dining options for guests, but not just for flavor. More than 6% of Americans have a food allergy, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. The most common food allergens are milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soybeans and sesame, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. With those, allergy-safe options can be a matter of life and death.

“I had my first reaction when I was a baby to nuts, and I’ve had serious reactions since that have brought me to the ER – thankfully not too many in recent years,” said Allie Bahn, who helps travelers with food allergies through her Miss Allergic Reactor website and Allergy Travels Facebook group. Bahn has four of the top nine food allergies and other specific allergens, like potatoes. “It can be certainly life-threatening, so it’s different than avoiding foods just because of something bothering your stomach.”

Here are seven ways travelers with food allergies can safely navigate theme parks and what parks are doing to help:

Do your research.

Some parks flag top allergens on their websites and apps.

“It’s listed by restaurant, by item, and it talks about each item what would be the allergen that could be present in that item … A lot of folks who have been living with allergies know what they can and can’t eat, and they’re just looking for a map of ‘Where can I get what I need?’ ” said Cedar Fair corporate chef Charles Walker, who helped roll out new dietary guides for guests earlier this year. As someone with food allergies himself and family members with food allergies, Walker added, “This was near and dear to my heart to really make sure this guest-facing platform was very user-friendly.”

For more personalized help, Cedar Fair’s parks and many others have phone lines and email addresses listed on their websites just for guests with special dietary needs.

“I’m a big fan of contacting places ahead of time,” Bahn said.

Don’t go hungry.

Bahn recommends eating a hearty meal before heading to the park. “So you already have something nice and warm in your stomach, hoping that you’ll be able to find something (else) when you’re there,” she said. She also recommends having plans for a meal after leaving the park, so at least those two meals are covered.

Pack snacks. Not all parks allow outside food, but when permitted, Bahn recommends packing snacks for backup. “Don’t make assumptions that you definitely can’t eat. I think there’s always the ability to try to do as much research ahead of time and then see how it goes once you get there, but having a plan in place is always really helpful,” she said.

Always carry medication or epinephrine. Bahn says she’s carried an epinephrine auto-injector with her for as long as she can remember. “Don’t lock it up in a locker where you can’t quickly access it in case of an emergency,” she said. “It should be on you at all times.”

Ask questions.

“Ask if they have ingredients that you can see,” Bahn said. Some park restaurants have binders of ingredients guests can look at, but it’s best to confirm everything is up to date with chefs, who are happy to speak with guests with food allergies. Sometimes, when creating menus, chefs will intentionally avoid using common allergens like peanuts to make foods more accessible. Chefs can also sometimes adjust dishes for allergies.

“Our festival chefs will go through (the menu) and make sure, based off of the dietary needs, if a dish is safe, if there’s anything (the guest) can have from those kiosks, or if there’s a way, we can make that dish for them safe,” said Kevin Downing, executive chef of EPCOT Festivals at Walt Disney World. Cedar Fair’s Walker echoed, “If you have a very, very specific allergy, we’ll do whatever we can to accommodate.”

Advocate for yourself.

“Explain your food allergies. Advocate for yourself,” Bahn said. She recommends carrying a Chef Card that can be given to chefs, stating each allergy, its severity, and the need for clean utensils and surfaces to be used in food preparation to avoid possible cross-contamination. “It makes everybody’s life, I think, a lot easier and really gets the point across that this is a severe food allergy and not just dietary preference,” she said.

When an allergy-related order comes into Connections Eatery kitchen at EPCOT, Chef Scott Tosh said. “It prints up special, so the special diets-trained cast member will prepare that food. We put an allergy pick in it. If there’s two items – one’s allergy, one’s not – we serve them with separate trays.” Bahn said Disney parks have always been great with her needs, even when she was a kid and people were generally less aware of food allergies.

Trust your gut.

Bahn recommends double-checking all food before digging in.

“I think I have been able to sort of save myself from some potential reactions because of advocating and double checking, trusting my gut,” Bahn said of no place in particular. “There’s plenty of times where I’ve decided not to eat, even if I’ve ordered something because I just felt like I didn’t get all my questions answered in a way that I felt was safe. And that’s OK too. Being able to politely and kindly decide not to eat and walk away and make a different plan is OK, as well. It’s your safety. It’s your health.”

https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/experience/theme-parks/2023/12/14/food-allergies-theme-park-tips/70911517007/

The post Food Allergies and Theme Parks appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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