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Pharmacologic (Medicine) Treatment for Nasal Allergies

Pharmacologic (Medicine) Treatment for Nasal Allergies

Antihistamines which are prescribed for the treatment of allergies fall into two categories, first generation and second generation. The first generation antihistamines are the oldest ones and date back several decades. Their chemical makeup is such that it gets into brain tissue very easily and, therefore, cause the most side effects. Almost all first generation antihistamines are over-the-counter. Examples are Benadryl, Chlor-Trimeton, Tavist, Allerest, etc.

The more recent advance in antihistamines, the so-called second generation antihistamines, are made up so that they do not get into brain tissue so easily and, therefore, cause less drowsiness. Examples are Claritin, Clarinex, Allegra, Zyrtec, Xyzal, and even Astelin and Patanase which are unique in that they are the only nasal spray antihistamines.

Antihistamines can be combined with decongestants. Pseudoephedrine and Phenylephrine are examples of decongestants that can be combined with antihistamines. Their purpose is to alleviate nasal and sinus congestion which can be a significant part of allergic symptoms in many people. Allegra-D, Clarinex-D, Zyrtec-D and Claritin-D are examples.

Singulair (classified as anti-inflammatory) is another category of medication shown to be effective for both nasal allergies and asthma. If the leukotriene pathway of inflammation is involved in a person’s allergies, then Singulair can be highly effective.

Intranasal steroid sprays are probably the mainstay of treatment for nasal allergies. Examples include Nasonex, Nasacort AQ, Rhinocort AQ, Flonase, Veramyst, Nasarel, Beconase AQ, and Vancenase AQ, and the most recent Omnaris. These are corticosteroids and are true antiinflammatory medicines to combat allergic inflammation. They are universally considered the drug of choice for nasal allergies. They are topically active and, therefore, poorly absorbed, so there is very little risk of systemic steroid side effects from them.

Another category of medication is the anti-cholinergic Atrovent (ipratropium) which is basically a drying agent for people who have significant runny noses.

NasalCrom (Cromolyn Sodium) is an older medication which supposedly prevents histamine from coming out of the allergy cell. It is not a very effective treatment and can be purchased over-the-counter.

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May is Allergy and Asthma Awareness Month

Breathe Better with Asthma, Wherever You Are

If you have asthma, you know that symptoms can come on quickly, then worsen. The things that make them do that are called triggers. An important part of managing asthma is knowing what your triggers are — at home, work, school, or while you’re outdoors. A healthcare provider can help you figure that out, then you can take steps to avoid those triggers and breathe easier.

At home

Because asthma is usually due to allergies, triggers are often allergens, or things that cause allergic reactions. Allergens such as pet dander, dust mites, pests, and smoke can make asthma symptoms worse in some people, and for others, even trigger an asthma attack. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) suggests that it may be helpful to combine a few different strategies to help reduce exposure to triggers. People sensitive to dust can clean with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration vacuum and use mattress and pillow covers that prevent exposure to dust mites. If you’re sensitive to pests like cockroaches and rodents, consider integrated pest management, which involves removing and controlling pests through methods such as traps or poison. Avoiding tobacco smoke, including secondhand smoke, can be especially helpful for some people with asthma.

At school

Asthma is one of the leading reasons children miss school. At school, kids may be exposed to dust mites, pests, and mold, which may be asthma triggers for some children. Because children spend lots of time at school, it can be helpful for teachers, school nurses, or coaches to know what to do if your child’s symptoms flare up. Team up with a healthcare provider to develop an asthma action plan and share it with trusted adults at your child’s school.

At work

The workplace can have hundreds of potential triggers, like chlorine-based cleaning products, bleaches, hair dyes, and metal dust. Repeated exposures in the workplace can also lead to new triggers. Report new or worsening symptoms that occur at work to your healthcare provider and your workplace supervisor.

Outdoors

Everyday weather like cold, dry air can set off breathing problems. Air pollution can affect asthma, too. It may be helpful to avoid some of the worst pollution by adjusting when and where you exercise. Try to avoid exercising near busy roads or industrial areas. Visit airnow.gov to check your local air quality so you can plan to avoid outdoor activities when pollution is highest.

Managing your triggers is just one part of keeping your asthma under control. Work with a healthcare provider to develop an asthma treatment plan that includes taking medicines as prescribed and keeping track of your symptoms and where you are when they occur. That way, you can know what’s making your asthma worse or better.

Want to learn more about asthma? Visit NHLBI’s Learn More Breathe Better® program at nhlbi.nih.gov/BreatheBetter. Or make an appointment to meet with one of our asthma specialists at Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic 405-235-0040.

The post May is Allergy and Asthma Awareness Month appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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