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Pharmacologic (Medicine) Treatment for Nasal Allergies

Pharmacologic (Medicine) Treatment for Nasal Allergies

Antihistamines which are prescribed for the treatment of allergies fall into two categories, first generation and second generation. The first generation antihistamines are the oldest ones and date back several decades. Their chemical makeup is such that it gets into brain tissue very easily and, therefore, cause the most side effects. Almost all first generation antihistamines are over-the-counter. Examples are Benadryl, Chlor-Trimeton, Tavist, Allerest, etc.

The more recent advance in antihistamines, the so-called second generation antihistamines, are made up so that they do not get into brain tissue so easily and, therefore, cause less drowsiness. Examples are Claritin, Clarinex, Allegra, Zyrtec, Xyzal, and even Astelin and Patanase which are unique in that they are the only nasal spray antihistamines.

Antihistamines can be combined with decongestants. Pseudoephedrine and Phenylephrine are examples of decongestants that can be combined with antihistamines. Their purpose is to alleviate nasal and sinus congestion which can be a significant part of allergic symptoms in many people. Allegra-D, Clarinex-D, Zyrtec-D and Claritin-D are examples.

Singulair (classified as anti-inflammatory) is another category of medication shown to be effective for both nasal allergies and asthma. If the leukotriene pathway of inflammation is involved in a person’s allergies, then Singulair can be highly effective.

Intranasal steroid sprays are probably the mainstay of treatment for nasal allergies. Examples include Nasonex, Nasacort AQ, Rhinocort AQ, Flonase, Veramyst, Nasarel, Beconase AQ, and Vancenase AQ, and the most recent Omnaris. These are corticosteroids and are true antiinflammatory medicines to combat allergic inflammation. They are universally considered the drug of choice for nasal allergies. They are topically active and, therefore, poorly absorbed, so there is very little risk of systemic steroid side effects from them.

Another category of medication is the anti-cholinergic Atrovent (ipratropium) which is basically a drying agent for people who have significant runny noses.

NasalCrom (Cromolyn Sodium) is an older medication which supposedly prevents histamine from coming out of the allergy cell. It is not a very effective treatment and can be purchased over-the-counter.

Recent News

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AAFA’s 2024 Allergy Capitals™ report names most challenging cities for living with allergies, OKC – Fifth; Tulsa – Sixth in the top Ten

Washington D.C., March 14, 2024 — The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) released its 2024 Allergy Capitals™ report detailing the most challenging cities in the United States for living with allergies. The full report can be found at allergycapitals.com.

This year, Wichita, Kansas takes the top spot due to its higher-than-average tree and grass pollen, higher-than-average medicine use, and limited access to allergy specialists. The top 10 Allergy Capitals™ for 2024 are: 1. Wichita, KS; 2. Virginia Beach, VA; 3. Greenville, SC; 4. Dallas, TX; 5. Oklahoma City, OK; 6. Tulsa, OK; 7. Richmond, VA 8. Des Moines, IA; 9. Raleigh, NC, and 10. Fayetteville, AR.

This year’s report again calls attention to the urgency of the climate crisis. Due to climate change, growing seasons start earlier and last longer than they did just 30 years ago. Some parts of the United States now experience pollen (tree, grass, or weed) year-round. Warmer temperatures also trap heat in urban areas, increase air pollution, and stimulate pollen production.

“Climate change fuels a perfect storm of conditions that make allergy season worse for people with pollen allergy,” said AAFA President and CEO Kenneth Mendez. “Longer growing seasons mean more exposure to pollen allergy triggers. Additionally, pollen counts tend to rise with warmer temperatures. Now, we see both more days of exposure to pollen and higher daily pollen counts leading to more intense, longer-lasting symptoms.”

AAFA’s 2024 Allergy Capitals™ report provides insight into factors impacting seasonal allergies. The report ranks the 100 most populous cities in the contiguous United States by their:

  • Tree, grass, and weed pollen scores
  • Over-the-counter allergy medicine use
  • Availability of board-certified allergists/immunologists 

Experts say a range of treatment options are available for people dealing with seasonal allergies this spring.

“Over-the-counter medicines can help manage symptoms,” said allergist Dr. Neeta Ogden, spokesperson for AAFA. “Working with a specialist can help you develop the best treatment plan.”

While the symptoms of pollen allergy can be managed, they are a significant health concern. Seasonal allergies can even lead to hospitalization if they trigger an asthma episode.

“Our pollen season continues to begin earlier each year,” said Dr. Claire Atkinson, a board-certified allergist with the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic (OAAC). “We’ve already had several allergy alert days this year and we’ve not even made it to the official start of Spring. We want to encourage people who are suffering to see their medical provider and consider making an appointment with an allergist.”

A board-certified allergist can diagnose allergies, and determine the specific triggers that cause them, through simple tests. The allergists at OAAC evaluate and manage patients of all ages. The main clinic is on the Oklahoma Health Center campus. For patient convenience, satellite offices are in Edmond, Norman and Yukon.

Visit the OAAC website at www.oklahomaallergy.com to view the addresses for all Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic locations. To make an initial appointment or to request more information, please call (405) 235-0040 or visit the website.

For information on preventing and treating allergies and asthma, visit aafa.org.

The post AAFA’s 2024 Allergy Capitals™ report names most challenging cities for living with allergies, OKC – Fifth; Tulsa – Sixth in the top Ten appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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