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Eczema

Eczema is frequently called atopic dermatitis because it was noted to occur in individuals with allergic symptoms, e.g., allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and asthma. The term atopic simply means allergic. Even though eczema was considered to be an allergic problem, allergy seems to be less likely as our understanding of the disease increases. Physicians know that eczema is a very complex disease and contains allergic as well as non-allergic elements in different individuals. As a result, the treatment of every individual may vary.

While the causes of eczema continue to be investigated, certain things are known about the disease. The skin is much more easily irritated than normal skin. Dryness of the skin is a primary component and results in significant itching. Eczema is known as “the itch that rashes”. Itching is made worse by irritants on the skin. Winter months are particularly bothersome because of the dry winter air. Flares in the summer months can occur after exercise because sweat is a significant irritant. Citrus or some vegetables, e.g., tomato, can act as a primary irritant when they touch the skin. Stress in some individuals can affect the skin. While emotional factors may play a role in flaring eczema, they are not considered a primary source of causing the onset of eczema, if it is not already present.

Eczema occurs in about 3% of the population. In about 80% of those individuals, the onset occurs in the first year of life. One-half are free of disease by age 2 years, about one-fourth by the end of adolescence, and the remaining one-fourth will continue to have eczema into adult life. Some individuals do not have the onset of symptoms until adolescence or adulthood.

Treatment is multifaceted and includes lifestyle modification as well as various types of medication. A portion of treatment will be listed in the accompanying tables. Adequate attention to clothing, diet manipulation, and attention to the emotional well-being of the affected patient are very important. It is preferable for a patient with eczema to wear clothing which will not irritate the skin; soft cotton material would be best. The room temperature should be kept moderate with controlled humidity (between 35-50%). Overheating and perspiration should be avoided.

Some investigators believe there is a genetic tendency for eczema with approximately 50% of eczema patients ultimately developing allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. This is compared to about 20% without the presence of eczema. While allergy skin testing and allergy injection treatment are usually helpful in cases of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma, it is generally agreed that this is often not the case with eczema. In some individuals, starting allergy shots for allergic rhinitis and/or asthma may actually result in significant flaring of the eczema.

Prevention

  • Trim fingernails short
  • Cotton gloves at night if needed to decrease scratching
  • Clothing should be double rinsed after washing to remove all residual detergent (irritants)
  • Avoid excessive room temperatures
  • Wear light, non-occlusive clothing (e.g., cotton instead of polyester)
  • Keep the bedroom moderate (cool) and avoid excessive bed clothing
  • Allergen contact or ingestion avoidance (e.g., foods, pets, dust mite) can reduce stimulation of the skin

Treatment

  • Bathing for moisturization, e.g., soaking in tepid water for 30-45 minutes at least once daily and if possible 2-3 times.
  • Within 2 minutes after getting out of the tub, a lubricating cream or ointment should be applied to help hold the moisture in the skin. Examples include Aquaphor, Curel, Moisturel, Eucerin, Keri, Lubriderm, Acid Mantle, Unibase, Vanicream, petrolatum, and chilled Noxzema,etc. Newer medications include Triceram/Certopic, Impruv, Mimyx, Nourica Repair, Cerave, Atopiclair, and Hylira. Some of the newer medications are by prescription only. None of the medications in the above list contain steroids.
  • In general, lotions should be avoided since they contain alcohol which may sting and provide limited moisture.
  • If marked irritation or weeping areas are present, wet wraps with a drying solution (e.g., Burrow’s solution, one tablet mixed in one quart of water is available by prescription) will avoid the stinging or burning sensation that can occur with bathing.
  • Addition of oil or similar substances to the bath water generally has little effect on increasing moisturization.
  • Pat dry with a soft towel; do not “rub” dry since this will remove natural, protective oils from the skin.
  • Showers do not add moisture to the skin and actually remove the protective oils from the skin resulting in increased dryness.
  • Topical steroids are the mainstay of therapy for more severe eczema. Ointments or creams are generally used.
  • Nonsteroidal medications that help the immune system in the skin may be necessary either in addition to or in place of topical steroids if the topical steroids are not adequate for relief. Examples of the nonsteroidal medications are Elidel and Protopic.
  • Antibiotics, topical and/or oral, may be needed if the lesions become infected. An alternative to antibiotics is the use of Clorox baths. One-quarter to one-half cup of Clorox in a full bath provides antibacterial activity that will treat all known bacterial infections. No resistant bacteria to Clorox are known.

Conditions Treated

Recent News

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Oak Tree Pollen Drives Thirteenth Very High Alert This Season

SECOND HIGHEST LEVELS of Tree Pollen Detected in the United States for 4/1/2026

April 1, 2026

VERY HIGH RANGE: ALLERGY ALERT. COMBINED TREE POLLEN COUNTS ARE AT VERY HIGH LEVELS on Wednesday, April 1st, 2026

The alert is due to OAK pollen counts in the VERY HIGH RANGE and SYCAMORE, MULBERRY and HACKBERRY tree pollen counts in the HIGH RANGE.  COMBINED TREE POLLEN counts are at the VERY HIGH ALERT level.  Multiple tree pollens detected today: Oak (VERY HIGH), Hackberry, Mulberry, and Sycamore (HIGH), Cottonwood, (MODERATE), Willow, Cedar, Ash, Pine (LOW).

This is an extreme exposure situation.  Severe symptoms may be expected in pollen-sensitive individuals. More seriously allergic people should be advised to stay indoors as much as possible. This is especially true if someone has pollen sensitivity or allergic bronchial asthma.  

Spring tree pollen affects thousands of people across the Oklahoma region, triggering allergic rhinitis, commonly known as “hay fever”, as multiple tree species begin pollinating as the weather warms.  These pollen grains can be carried hundreds of miles due to windy conditions.

For More Information -

The best way to combat these allergens is to stay in filtered air. OAAC’s board-certified allergists recommend avoiding allergy triggers as the best way to reduce symptoms. These triggers include:

  • Limit outdoor activities during days with high pollen counts.
  • Keep windows closed (at home or in the car) to keep pollen out.
  • Don’t wear your outdoor work clothes in the house; they may have pollen on them.
  • Take a shower after coming indoors. Otherwise, pollen in your hair may bother you all night.
  • Leave shoes outside or just inside the door so that you don’t track pollen inside your home.
  • Wash your hands often. Pollen can stick to your hands when you touch something outside or a pet if it has been outside.
  • Wear a dust mask that people like carpenters use (found in hardware stores) when you need to do outdoor tasks such as raking leaves.
  • Clean and replace furnace and air conditioner filters often. Using HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters is recommended, which remove at least 99 percent of pollen, as well as animal dander, dust, and other particles.

Some other options include medications like nasal sprays and antihistamines, but it needs to be the correct medicine and should be used continuously throughout the season.

Seasonal allergies (allergic rhinitis, commonly known as “hay fever”) cannot be diagnosed by history alone. A board-certified allergist can diagnose allergies and determine the specific triggers that cause them through simple tests. The allergists at OAAC evaluate and manage patients of all ages from the southwest region.  The main clinic is on the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center campus.  For patient convenience, satellite offices are located in Edmond, Norman, and northwest Oklahoma City.

For more information about allergic rhinitis (“hay fever”), visit: https://oklahomaallergy.com/services/allergic-rhinitis/

Daily Pollen Counts for Weed, Grass and Tree pollen, as well as Mold levels can be found at: https://oklahomaallergy.com/allergy-report/

Visit the OAAC website at www.oklahomaallergy.com to view the addresses for all Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic locations.  To make an initial appointment for an allergy, asthma, or immunology problem or to request more information, please call (405) 235-0040 or visit the website.

The post Oak Tree Pollen Drives Thirteenth Very High Alert This Season appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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