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Asthma: Take Control - Don’t Let Asthma Control You!

Asthma: Take Control- Don't Let Asthma Control You!

A diagram of the human respiratory system

When you breathe, air travels through tubes (bronchi , bronchioles) in your lungs
to reach tiny air sacs (alveoli) so that your body can get the oxygen it needs.

What Causes Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic condition in which the lining of the airways, or bronchial tubes, is inflamed and overly sensitive to many factors which "irritate" them. Exposure to one of these irritating factors can cause symptoms in a person with asthma.

What Are "Asthma Triggers"?

Factors which irritate the airways and cause asthma symptoms arc called "asthma triggers." Many substances or events can trigger chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Some triggers are common for many people including:

  • Respiratory infections
  • Exercise
  • Cold Air
  • Cigarette smoke
  • Odors, perfumes, aerosols
  • Air pollution
  • Allergens
  • Emotional stress
  • Fatigue
  • Weather changes
  • Gastroesophagcal Reflux Discasc/LPR

What are Early Warning Signs?

Many patients notice a variety of symptoms that occur before the onset of chest symptoms. Examples include:

  • Fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Itching of chin or back
  • Dark circles under the eyes
  • A drop in your peak flow values

It is important to identify and recognize these early warning signs and to intervene before asthma symptoms progress.

How Do My Asthma Medications Help?

Medications used to treat asthma can be grouped into two broad categories based on how they work to relieve or prevent asthma symptoms.

Quick -Relief (Rescue) Medications: Bronchodilators

Rescue medications open the airways by relaxing the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes.

  • Beta-agonists: inhaled short acting beta-agonists include albuterol (Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, ProAir), pirbuterol (Maxair), levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) and alupent. These are taken "as needed" for quick relief of asthma symptoms and may be used before exercise to prevent exercise induced symptoms.
  • Anticholinergics ( e.g., Atrovent=ipratropium bromide): Used to open the airways and are many times used with beta agonist to improve bronchodilation. May also be helpful when cough is prominent symptom.

Long-term, Controller Medications:

Anti-inflammatory Drugs: control inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Prevent asthma symptoms by reducing the ever- present inflammation of the airway lining. They take time to work, and must be used on a regular basis. There are three families of anti inflammatory drugs.

  • Steroids: Inhaled steroids are "cortisone like" steroids which work locally in the lungs to decrease inflammation. (e.g., Asmanex, Azmacort, Vanceril, QVAR, Aerobid, Flovent, Pulmicort). Systemic steroids (e.g. prednisone, Medrol) are strong inflammatory drugs most often used in short courses (about 3-7 days).
  • Leukotriene blockers: Medications which block the receptors for leukotrienes (Accolate, Singulair) or block the synthesis of leukotriense (Zyflo ). Leukotrienes are cellular mediators which lead to bronchial inflammation and narrowing, and cause an increase in mucus production in the bronchial tubes.
  • Combination Inhaled steroid/ Long-acting Bronchodilator (e.g. Advair Diskus, Advair HF A, Symbicort)
  • Cromolyn (Intal) and nedocromil (Tilade)

Bronchodialators:

  • Long-acting bronchodilators ( e.g. Serevent, Foradil) Should not be used as "rescue" medication or alone as controller.
  • Theophylline (e.g. , Theo-24, Uniphyl ): oral bronchodilator to be taken on a regular, longterm basis.

Potential Side effects

  • Bronchodilators: increased heart rate, jitteriness
  • Inhaled steroids: thrush, hoarseness
  • Long-acting bronchodilators: potential increased risk of rare, serious life threatening asthma attacks
  • Oral steroids (short term use) increased appetite, weight gain, water retention, moodiness, irritability, insomnia, stomach upset
  • Oral steroids (long term use), growth suppression, cataracts, glaucoma, osteopenia/osteoporosis

What Happens During An Asthma
Flare-Up?

Asthma symptoms occur when there is blockage of the bronchial tubes, causing a whistling noise called "wheezing", cough, shortness of breath, and/or chest tightness. This blockage is caused by three things:

  • Swelling or "edema": the lining of the bronchial tubes swells, expanding inward, making the size of the airway smaller. This swelling is caused by increased inflammation of the bronchial tube lining.
  • Mucus secretion: the tissues that line the bronchial tubes secrete extra mucus which can plug the narrowed air passages even further.
  • Bronchospasm: the muscles that surround the bronchial tubes tighten and make the airway even smaller.

Together, the swelling, mucus, and bronchospasm in the airways make it harder to move air through the bronchial tubes. The person with asthma must work harder and breathe faster to move air through these narrowed airways.

How Can I Prevent Asthma Symptoms From Becoming More Severe?

  • A void the asthma triggers that may be causing the symptoms.
  • Learn to recognize early warning signs
  • Stop what you are doing, rest, and take slow deep breaths.
  • Sip warm fluids to help relax
  • Take two puffs of your bronchodilator inhaler to help relieve your symptoms
  • Follow your asthma management plan

When Do I Call the Doctor's Office?

Sometimes asthma episodes become more severe despite your best efforts to treat them early. A change or increase in medications or further medical treatment may be needed. Call your doctor's office or seek medical help if:

  • Asthma symptoms continue or worsen despite all treatment steps that your physician has given you
  • The medicines are not helping or not lasting as long as they should.
  • You have any doubt about the severity of an attack

Recent News

Winter Allergies Making Us Miserable
SuperUser Account
/ Categories: News

Winter Allergies Making Us Miserable

If you recently moved to Oklahoma thinking you would be safe from winter allergies, think again. Certain trees have an aggressive blooming season in the winter months. Cedar pollen can cause a myriad of symptoms including headache, conjestion, losing voice, sinus pressure, itchy eyes, post nasal drip, earaches, sore throat, and increased asthma symptoms.
OAAC’s Board-Certified Allergist Dr. Laura Chong says cedar pollen kicks in especially during the December, January and February months.
“It’s kind of an unusual allergen because most people think spring when tree pollen is wafting through the air,” she said. “Cedar pollen pollinates in the winter months catching many people by surprise.”
“Try to stay inside especially during windy days and make sure the pollen is washed off your body before you go to bed,” said Dr. Chong. “Treatments can vary for each person. Typically the first line of defense is to try over the counter antihistamines or discuss with your physician about prescription options.”
If, however, you are still struggling and miserable, it may be time to be allergy tested and a course of action of immunotherapy (allergy shots) may be in order to help build resistance to the allergen.
Ways to Reduce Your Exposure to Cedar Pollen
Dr. Chong suggests a proactive approach in dealing with cedar pollen allergies.
Install a premium, high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to remove bacteria, mold and other allergens and to improve indoor air quality.
Vacuum daily and preferably with a HEPA-filter vacuum cleaner.
White vinegar is your friend (plus very cost effective). Spray air filters, vents and air returns with white vinegar. Wipe with a clean cloth periodically to remove pollen and other allergens.
On these warm Oklahoma winter days; it is tempting to open the windows for fresh air to be let inside your home. Dr. Chong recommends closing windows and doors to keep the pollen out and to drive with your car with its windows up.
Wipe down surfaces that collect pollen such as your furniture and other areas with a clean cloth and don’t forget your pets!
“Give your pets a quick wipe down to remove pollen when coming indoors,” said Dr. Chong.
After spending time outdoors in the pollen, Dr. Chong says after showering, changing clothes to remove any remaining residue will be helpful. She adds to not line-dry clothes outside when pollen counts are high.
“Check the OAAC website and social media for the daily pollen reports,” Dr. Chong said.
Website: Oklahomaallergy.com, Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/oklahomaallergyasthmaclinic/
For more information about cedar allergy, talk to your OAAC allergist.

The post Winter Allergies Making Us Miserable appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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