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Asthma: Take Control - Don’t Let Asthma Control You!

Asthma: Take Control- Don't Let Asthma Control You!

A diagram of the human respiratory system

When you breathe, air travels through tubes (bronchi , bronchioles) in your lungs
to reach tiny air sacs (alveoli) so that your body can get the oxygen it needs.

What Causes Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic condition in which the lining of the airways, or bronchial tubes, is inflamed and overly sensitive to many factors which "irritate" them. Exposure to one of these irritating factors can cause symptoms in a person with asthma.

What Are "Asthma Triggers"?

Factors which irritate the airways and cause asthma symptoms arc called "asthma triggers." Many substances or events can trigger chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Some triggers are common for many people including:

  • Respiratory infections
  • Exercise
  • Cold Air
  • Cigarette smoke
  • Odors, perfumes, aerosols
  • Air pollution
  • Allergens
  • Emotional stress
  • Fatigue
  • Weather changes
  • Gastroesophagcal Reflux Discasc/LPR

What are Early Warning Signs?

Many patients notice a variety of symptoms that occur before the onset of chest symptoms. Examples include:

  • Fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Itching of chin or back
  • Dark circles under the eyes
  • A drop in your peak flow values

It is important to identify and recognize these early warning signs and to intervene before asthma symptoms progress.

How Do My Asthma Medications Help?

Medications used to treat asthma can be grouped into two broad categories based on how they work to relieve or prevent asthma symptoms.

Quick -Relief (Rescue) Medications: Bronchodilators

Rescue medications open the airways by relaxing the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes.

  • Beta-agonists: inhaled short acting beta-agonists include albuterol (Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, ProAir), pirbuterol (Maxair), levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) and alupent. These are taken "as needed" for quick relief of asthma symptoms and may be used before exercise to prevent exercise induced symptoms.
  • Anticholinergics ( e.g., Atrovent=ipratropium bromide): Used to open the airways and are many times used with beta agonist to improve bronchodilation. May also be helpful when cough is prominent symptom.

Long-term, Controller Medications:

Anti-inflammatory Drugs: control inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Prevent asthma symptoms by reducing the ever- present inflammation of the airway lining. They take time to work, and must be used on a regular basis. There are three families of anti inflammatory drugs.

  • Steroids: Inhaled steroids are "cortisone like" steroids which work locally in the lungs to decrease inflammation. (e.g., Asmanex, Azmacort, Vanceril, QVAR, Aerobid, Flovent, Pulmicort). Systemic steroids (e.g. prednisone, Medrol) are strong inflammatory drugs most often used in short courses (about 3-7 days).
  • Leukotriene blockers: Medications which block the receptors for leukotrienes (Accolate, Singulair) or block the synthesis of leukotriense (Zyflo ). Leukotrienes are cellular mediators which lead to bronchial inflammation and narrowing, and cause an increase in mucus production in the bronchial tubes.
  • Combination Inhaled steroid/ Long-acting Bronchodilator (e.g. Advair Diskus, Advair HF A, Symbicort)
  • Cromolyn (Intal) and nedocromil (Tilade)

Bronchodialators:

  • Long-acting bronchodilators ( e.g. Serevent, Foradil) Should not be used as "rescue" medication or alone as controller.
  • Theophylline (e.g. , Theo-24, Uniphyl ): oral bronchodilator to be taken on a regular, longterm basis.

Potential Side effects

  • Bronchodilators: increased heart rate, jitteriness
  • Inhaled steroids: thrush, hoarseness
  • Long-acting bronchodilators: potential increased risk of rare, serious life threatening asthma attacks
  • Oral steroids (short term use) increased appetite, weight gain, water retention, moodiness, irritability, insomnia, stomach upset
  • Oral steroids (long term use), growth suppression, cataracts, glaucoma, osteopenia/osteoporosis

What Happens During An Asthma
Flare-Up?

Asthma symptoms occur when there is blockage of the bronchial tubes, causing a whistling noise called "wheezing", cough, shortness of breath, and/or chest tightness. This blockage is caused by three things:

  • Swelling or "edema": the lining of the bronchial tubes swells, expanding inward, making the size of the airway smaller. This swelling is caused by increased inflammation of the bronchial tube lining.
  • Mucus secretion: the tissues that line the bronchial tubes secrete extra mucus which can plug the narrowed air passages even further.
  • Bronchospasm: the muscles that surround the bronchial tubes tighten and make the airway even smaller.

Together, the swelling, mucus, and bronchospasm in the airways make it harder to move air through the bronchial tubes. The person with asthma must work harder and breathe faster to move air through these narrowed airways.

How Can I Prevent Asthma Symptoms From Becoming More Severe?

  • A void the asthma triggers that may be causing the symptoms.
  • Learn to recognize early warning signs
  • Stop what you are doing, rest, and take slow deep breaths.
  • Sip warm fluids to help relax
  • Take two puffs of your bronchodilator inhaler to help relieve your symptoms
  • Follow your asthma management plan

When Do I Call the Doctor's Office?

Sometimes asthma episodes become more severe despite your best efforts to treat them early. A change or increase in medications or further medical treatment may be needed. Call your doctor's office or seek medical help if:

  • Asthma symptoms continue or worsen despite all treatment steps that your physician has given you
  • The medicines are not helping or not lasting as long as they should.
  • You have any doubt about the severity of an attack

Recent News

SuperUser Account
/ Categories: News

Seventh Day of the Highest Levels of Ragweed Pollen Detected in the United States

September 17th, 2025

VERY HIGH RANGE:

ALLERGY ALERT. COMBINED WEED POLLEN COUNTS REMAIN AT VERY HIGH LEVELS on Wednesday, September 17th, 2025.

RAGWEED POLLEN is at VERY HIGH levels across the region.

This is an extreme exposure situation with RAGWEED species pollinating across the region at VERY HIGH levels.  Severe symptoms may be expected in pollen-sensitive individuals. More seriously allergic people should be advised to stay indoors as much as possible. This is especially true if someone has pollen sensitivity or allergic bronchial asthma. Allergy and Asthma patients should follow their Allergy and Asthma Action Plans.

With an estimated 50 million Americans allergic to ragweed, it is one of the highest health impacting pollens. A single ragweed plant can produce over one billion pollen grains in a season, and they can be carried hundreds of miles by the wind.

For More Information -

The best way to combat these allergens is to stay in filtered air. OAAC’s board-certified allergists recommend avoiding allergy triggers as the best way to reduce symptoms. These triggers include:

  • Limit outdoor activities during days with high pollen counts.
  • Keep windows closed (at home or in the car) to keep pollen out.
  • Don’t wear your outdoor work clothes in the house; they may have pollen on them.
  • Take a shower after coming indoors. Otherwise, pollen in your hair may bother you all night.
  • Leave shoes outside or just inside the door so that you don’t track pollen inside your home.
  • Wash your hands often. Pollen can stick to your hands when you touch something outside or a pet if it has been outside.
  • Wear a dust mask that people like carpenters use (found in hardware stores) when you need to do outdoor tasks such as raking leaves.
  • Clean and replace furnace and air conditioner filters often. Using HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters is recommended, which remove at least 99 percent of pollen, as well as animal dander, dust, and other particles.

Some other options include medications like nasal sprays and antihistamines, but it needs to be the correct medicine and should be used continuously throughout the season.

Seasonal allergies (allergic rhinitis, commonly known as “hay fever”) cannot be diagnosed by history alone. A board-certified allergist can diagnose allergies and determine the specific triggers that cause them through simple tests. The allergists at OAAC evaluate and manage patients of all ages from the southwest region.  The main clinic is on the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center campus.  For patient convenience, satellite offices are located in Edmond, Norman, and northwest Oklahoma City.

Visit the OAAC website at www.oklahomaallergy.com to view the addresses for all Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic locations.  To make an initial appointment for an allergy, asthma, or immunology problem or to request more information, please call (405) 235-0040 or visit the website.

The post Seventh Day of the Highest Levels of Ragweed Pollen Detected in the United States appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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