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Asthma: Take Control - Don’t Let Asthma Control You!

Asthma: Take Control- Don't Let Asthma Control You!

A diagram of the human respiratory system

When you breathe, air travels through tubes (bronchi , bronchioles) in your lungs
to reach tiny air sacs (alveoli) so that your body can get the oxygen it needs.

What Causes Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic condition in which the lining of the airways, or bronchial tubes, is inflamed and overly sensitive to many factors which "irritate" them. Exposure to one of these irritating factors can cause symptoms in a person with asthma.

What Are "Asthma Triggers"?

Factors which irritate the airways and cause asthma symptoms arc called "asthma triggers." Many substances or events can trigger chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Some triggers are common for many people including:

  • Respiratory infections
  • Exercise
  • Cold Air
  • Cigarette smoke
  • Odors, perfumes, aerosols
  • Air pollution
  • Allergens
  • Emotional stress
  • Fatigue
  • Weather changes
  • Gastroesophagcal Reflux Discasc/LPR

What are Early Warning Signs?

Many patients notice a variety of symptoms that occur before the onset of chest symptoms. Examples include:

  • Fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Itching of chin or back
  • Dark circles under the eyes
  • A drop in your peak flow values

It is important to identify and recognize these early warning signs and to intervene before asthma symptoms progress.

How Do My Asthma Medications Help?

Medications used to treat asthma can be grouped into two broad categories based on how they work to relieve or prevent asthma symptoms.

Quick -Relief (Rescue) Medications: Bronchodilators

Rescue medications open the airways by relaxing the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes.

  • Beta-agonists: inhaled short acting beta-agonists include albuterol (Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, ProAir), pirbuterol (Maxair), levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) and alupent. These are taken "as needed" for quick relief of asthma symptoms and may be used before exercise to prevent exercise induced symptoms.
  • Anticholinergics ( e.g., Atrovent=ipratropium bromide): Used to open the airways and are many times used with beta agonist to improve bronchodilation. May also be helpful when cough is prominent symptom.

Long-term, Controller Medications:

Anti-inflammatory Drugs: control inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Prevent asthma symptoms by reducing the ever- present inflammation of the airway lining. They take time to work, and must be used on a regular basis. There are three families of anti inflammatory drugs.

  • Steroids: Inhaled steroids are "cortisone like" steroids which work locally in the lungs to decrease inflammation. (e.g., Asmanex, Azmacort, Vanceril, QVAR, Aerobid, Flovent, Pulmicort). Systemic steroids (e.g. prednisone, Medrol) are strong inflammatory drugs most often used in short courses (about 3-7 days).
  • Leukotriene blockers: Medications which block the receptors for leukotrienes (Accolate, Singulair) or block the synthesis of leukotriense (Zyflo ). Leukotrienes are cellular mediators which lead to bronchial inflammation and narrowing, and cause an increase in mucus production in the bronchial tubes.
  • Combination Inhaled steroid/ Long-acting Bronchodilator (e.g. Advair Diskus, Advair HF A, Symbicort)
  • Cromolyn (Intal) and nedocromil (Tilade)

Bronchodialators:

  • Long-acting bronchodilators ( e.g. Serevent, Foradil) Should not be used as "rescue" medication or alone as controller.
  • Theophylline (e.g. , Theo-24, Uniphyl ): oral bronchodilator to be taken on a regular, longterm basis.

Potential Side effects

  • Bronchodilators: increased heart rate, jitteriness
  • Inhaled steroids: thrush, hoarseness
  • Long-acting bronchodilators: potential increased risk of rare, serious life threatening asthma attacks
  • Oral steroids (short term use) increased appetite, weight gain, water retention, moodiness, irritability, insomnia, stomach upset
  • Oral steroids (long term use), growth suppression, cataracts, glaucoma, osteopenia/osteoporosis

What Happens During An Asthma
Flare-Up?

Asthma symptoms occur when there is blockage of the bronchial tubes, causing a whistling noise called "wheezing", cough, shortness of breath, and/or chest tightness. This blockage is caused by three things:

  • Swelling or "edema": the lining of the bronchial tubes swells, expanding inward, making the size of the airway smaller. This swelling is caused by increased inflammation of the bronchial tube lining.
  • Mucus secretion: the tissues that line the bronchial tubes secrete extra mucus which can plug the narrowed air passages even further.
  • Bronchospasm: the muscles that surround the bronchial tubes tighten and make the airway even smaller.

Together, the swelling, mucus, and bronchospasm in the airways make it harder to move air through the bronchial tubes. The person with asthma must work harder and breathe faster to move air through these narrowed airways.

How Can I Prevent Asthma Symptoms From Becoming More Severe?

  • A void the asthma triggers that may be causing the symptoms.
  • Learn to recognize early warning signs
  • Stop what you are doing, rest, and take slow deep breaths.
  • Sip warm fluids to help relax
  • Take two puffs of your bronchodilator inhaler to help relieve your symptoms
  • Follow your asthma management plan

When Do I Call the Doctor's Office?

Sometimes asthma episodes become more severe despite your best efforts to treat them early. A change or increase in medications or further medical treatment may be needed. Call your doctor's office or seek medical help if:

  • Asthma symptoms continue or worsen despite all treatment steps that your physician has given you
  • The medicines are not helping or not lasting as long as they should.
  • You have any doubt about the severity of an attack

Recent News

SuperUser Account
/ Categories: News

Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic Warns High Heat May Trigger Asthma Flare-Ups

Doctors urge residents to take precautions as extreme summer temperatures hit Oklahoma

With dangerous heat and humidity gripping Oklahoma and much of the Southern United States, the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic is urging individuals with asthma and respiratory conditions to take extra precautions. According to clinic physicians, extreme heat can significantly worsen asthma symptoms and contribute to a rise in asthma related medical emergencies during the summer months.

“Oklahomans with asthma need to take summer heat seriously,” said Dr. Dean Atkinson, a board-certified allergist at the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic. “High temperatures and humidity can combine with high pollen and high mold levels to create a perfect storm for asthma attacks.”

Excessive heat, often accompanied by high ozone levels, humidity, and stagnant air, poses multiple threats to individuals with asthma. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Lung Association, heat increases inflammation in the airways, while humidity can trap allergens like mold spores, dust mites, and pollen—making it harder to breathe and easier to trigger flare-ups.

“We see a clear uptick in asthma flare-ups during Oklahoma’s high heat index days,” added Atkinson. “Staying cool and following an asthma action plan are critical steps for staying safe.”

In Oklahoma, where summer temperatures often reach triple digits, local air quality can deteriorate rapidly. The Oklahoma region continues to experience “HIGH ALLERGY ALERT DAYS” and “Ozone Alert Days,” with elevated pollen, mold, and pollution levels that can exacerbate asthma symptoms, especially for children, seniors, and individuals with chronic lung disease.

TIPS TO HELP YOU BREATHE EASIER WHEN THE HEAT IS ON

To help residents protect their respiratory health, physicians at the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic recommend the following five strategies during extreme heat:

1. Stay indoors in air-conditioned spaces, especially during peak heat and ozone hours (typically mid-afternoon).

2. Stay hydrated to help maintain healthy airway function.

3. Check the Daily Pollen and Mold Report and the Air Quality Index (AQI) and avoid strenuous outdoor activity on high alert days.

4. Follow your asthma action plan and keep quick-relief inhalers accessible at all times.

5. Minimize exposure to additional triggers, such as cigarette smoke, cleaning chemicals, and other pollutants.

“Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat and poor air quality. Their lungs are still developing, and they tend to be more active outdoors, which increases their exposure to asthma triggers during high heat index days.” says Dr. Maya Gharfeh, another board-certified allergist at the Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic

The Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic encourages all asthma patients to review their action plans and speak with their healthcare providers about how to adjust medications or activity levels during extreme weather.

For more information about asthma care, pollen counts, and summer safety tips, visit www.oklahomaallergy.com or follow the clinic on social media.

About Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic

Founded in 1925, Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma clinic has a 100-year history of patient-focused, state-of-the-art allergy and asthma care. Today, the clinic is home to 13 allergy and asthma specialists, caring for tens of thousands of patients a year with a focus on evidence-based treatment, research, and patient education. To learn more, visit OklahomaAllergy.com.

The post Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic Warns High Heat May Trigger Asthma Flare-Ups appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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