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Asthma: Take Control - Don’t Let Asthma Control You!

Asthma: Take Control- Don't Let Asthma Control You!

A diagram of the human respiratory system

When you breathe, air travels through tubes (bronchi , bronchioles) in your lungs
to reach tiny air sacs (alveoli) so that your body can get the oxygen it needs.

What Causes Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic condition in which the lining of the airways, or bronchial tubes, is inflamed and overly sensitive to many factors which "irritate" them. Exposure to one of these irritating factors can cause symptoms in a person with asthma.

What Are "Asthma Triggers"?

Factors which irritate the airways and cause asthma symptoms arc called "asthma triggers." Many substances or events can trigger chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Some triggers are common for many people including:

  • Respiratory infections
  • Exercise
  • Cold Air
  • Cigarette smoke
  • Odors, perfumes, aerosols
  • Air pollution
  • Allergens
  • Emotional stress
  • Fatigue
  • Weather changes
  • Gastroesophagcal Reflux Discasc/LPR

What are Early Warning Signs?

Many patients notice a variety of symptoms that occur before the onset of chest symptoms. Examples include:

  • Fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Itching of chin or back
  • Dark circles under the eyes
  • A drop in your peak flow values

It is important to identify and recognize these early warning signs and to intervene before asthma symptoms progress.

How Do My Asthma Medications Help?

Medications used to treat asthma can be grouped into two broad categories based on how they work to relieve or prevent asthma symptoms.

Quick -Relief (Rescue) Medications: Bronchodilators

Rescue medications open the airways by relaxing the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes.

  • Beta-agonists: inhaled short acting beta-agonists include albuterol (Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, ProAir), pirbuterol (Maxair), levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) and alupent. These are taken "as needed" for quick relief of asthma symptoms and may be used before exercise to prevent exercise induced symptoms.
  • Anticholinergics ( e.g., Atrovent=ipratropium bromide): Used to open the airways and are many times used with beta agonist to improve bronchodilation. May also be helpful when cough is prominent symptom.

Long-term, Controller Medications:

Anti-inflammatory Drugs: control inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Prevent asthma symptoms by reducing the ever- present inflammation of the airway lining. They take time to work, and must be used on a regular basis. There are three families of anti inflammatory drugs.

  • Steroids: Inhaled steroids are "cortisone like" steroids which work locally in the lungs to decrease inflammation. (e.g., Asmanex, Azmacort, Vanceril, QVAR, Aerobid, Flovent, Pulmicort). Systemic steroids (e.g. prednisone, Medrol) are strong inflammatory drugs most often used in short courses (about 3-7 days).
  • Leukotriene blockers: Medications which block the receptors for leukotrienes (Accolate, Singulair) or block the synthesis of leukotriense (Zyflo ). Leukotrienes are cellular mediators which lead to bronchial inflammation and narrowing, and cause an increase in mucus production in the bronchial tubes.
  • Combination Inhaled steroid/ Long-acting Bronchodilator (e.g. Advair Diskus, Advair HF A, Symbicort)
  • Cromolyn (Intal) and nedocromil (Tilade)

Bronchodialators:

  • Long-acting bronchodilators ( e.g. Serevent, Foradil) Should not be used as "rescue" medication or alone as controller.
  • Theophylline (e.g. , Theo-24, Uniphyl ): oral bronchodilator to be taken on a regular, longterm basis.

Potential Side effects

  • Bronchodilators: increased heart rate, jitteriness
  • Inhaled steroids: thrush, hoarseness
  • Long-acting bronchodilators: potential increased risk of rare, serious life threatening asthma attacks
  • Oral steroids (short term use) increased appetite, weight gain, water retention, moodiness, irritability, insomnia, stomach upset
  • Oral steroids (long term use), growth suppression, cataracts, glaucoma, osteopenia/osteoporosis

What Happens During An Asthma
Flare-Up?

Asthma symptoms occur when there is blockage of the bronchial tubes, causing a whistling noise called "wheezing", cough, shortness of breath, and/or chest tightness. This blockage is caused by three things:

  • Swelling or "edema": the lining of the bronchial tubes swells, expanding inward, making the size of the airway smaller. This swelling is caused by increased inflammation of the bronchial tube lining.
  • Mucus secretion: the tissues that line the bronchial tubes secrete extra mucus which can plug the narrowed air passages even further.
  • Bronchospasm: the muscles that surround the bronchial tubes tighten and make the airway even smaller.

Together, the swelling, mucus, and bronchospasm in the airways make it harder to move air through the bronchial tubes. The person with asthma must work harder and breathe faster to move air through these narrowed airways.

How Can I Prevent Asthma Symptoms From Becoming More Severe?

  • A void the asthma triggers that may be causing the symptoms.
  • Learn to recognize early warning signs
  • Stop what you are doing, rest, and take slow deep breaths.
  • Sip warm fluids to help relax
  • Take two puffs of your bronchodilator inhaler to help relieve your symptoms
  • Follow your asthma management plan

When Do I Call the Doctor's Office?

Sometimes asthma episodes become more severe despite your best efforts to treat them early. A change or increase in medications or further medical treatment may be needed. Call your doctor's office or seek medical help if:

  • Asthma symptoms continue or worsen despite all treatment steps that your physician has given you
  • The medicines are not helping or not lasting as long as they should.
  • You have any doubt about the severity of an attack

Recent News

SuperUser Account
/ Categories: News

How Can I Control Indoor Allergens and Improve Indoor Air Quality?

From the Asthma and Allergy Foundation https://aafa.org

Allergy and asthma control begins at home. Many people with allergies stay indoors when pollen and mold is high. But dust mites, pet dander and even cockroaches can cause problems indoors.1

The Environmental Protection Agency recommends three ways you can improve indoor air quality:2

  • Control your contact with indoor airborne allergens
  • Ventilate your indoor areas well
  • Use air cleaners to clean indoor air

Eight out of 10 people in the United States are exposed to dust mites. Six out of 10 are exposed to cat or dog dander. Cockroaches cause allergic reactions in people who live in the inner cities or southern parts of the United States. 3

Better air quality in your home, office, school and car can reduce allergy and asthma triggers.

What Size Are Allergens?

Allergens are substances that cause allergic reactions and trigger asthma symptoms in some people. The air spreads allergens around. They settle onto furniture and floors. They vary in size and are measured in microns (also called micrometers).4

Is It Possible to Control Indoor Allergens?

You can control indoor allergens with cleaning and reducing allergens in your home. The main sources of indoor allergens are:

  • Pets
  • Wall-to-wall carpet
  • Soft furniture
  • Stuffed toys
  • Bedding
  • Damp areas
  • Indoor plants
  • Mattresses that aren’t in allergy covers
  • Pillows and bedding you can’t wash in hot water

There may be more allergens on surfaces than in the air. Surface allergens enter the air easily when you disturb them by dusting or sitting.

Will Air Cleaning Devices Help?

Air cleaning devices might help. But the best way to improve your air quality is to get rid of the sources of allergens and irritants from your home. Take measures to avoid and reduce your contact with allergens. Also increase the flow of outdoor air into your home and reduce humidity as much as possible.

Reducing humidity decreases dust mites and mold growth. Air conditioners help reduce humidity too. They can also prevent outdoor allergens. Keep your windows and doors closed. Turn your air conditioner on recirculate. These steps can help reduce outdoor allergens like pollen and mold.

Air cleaners with CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® filters can filter almost 98% of allergen particles in the air. Look for CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® devices.

What Steps Can I Take to Control Indoor Allergens?

Control dust mites. Keep surfaces in your home clean and uncluttered. Bare floors and walls are best, especially in the bedroom where you spend one-third of your time. Avoid wall-to-wall carpet, if possible. If you must have carpet, use low-pile carpets or throw rugs you can wash. Also avoid heavy drapes and overstuffed fabric furniture. Replace drapes and blinds with roll-down shades or washable curtains.5

Use zippered allergen-resistant or plastic covers on your pillows, mattresses and box springs. These covers are very effective in controlling your contact with dust mites. Encasing mattresses works better than air cleaners to reduce allergy symptoms. Wash your bedding, uncovered pillows and stuffed toys in water 130 degrees Fahrenheit or hotter each week. Dry them in a hot dryer cycle to kill dust mites.

Vacuum once or twice a week. Vacuuming helps keep allergens low. But poor quality vacuums could put dust into the air. Look for CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® vacuums. These vacuums have been tested and found to prevent allergens from going back into the air.

If you have allergies, wear a mask while doing housework. Use a cloth that is damp or treated with polish for dusting. Leave the house for several hours after cleaning it.

Prevent pet dander. Most doctors suggest that people who have allergies to animal dander not have pets with feathers or fur. There is no such thing as a hypoallergenic pet. People with pet allergies are allergic to animal dander which are shed skin cells that all animals have. Some animal dander has fewer allergenic proteins. This may lead to fewer or no symptoms.

Keep pets out of your bedroom. Close the doors to bedrooms when you are not home to keep pets out. Cover vents with dense material like cheesecloth. Animal allergens are sticky. Wash and change your animal’s favorite furniture and toys often.

Replace wall-to-wall carpet with bare floors or a low-pile carpet. Bathing and brushing your pets often may reduce symptoms. But avoid grooming your pets if you have animal allergies. If you must groom them, wear a mask.

Long-haired pets can also bring pollen inside in high pollen seasons like spring and fall.

If you suspect you have a pet allergy, see a board-certified allergist for allergy testing.

Prevent pollen from getting inside by keeping windows and doors closed. Use air conditioning in warm weather to control dust mites and reduce humidity. Change filters often.

Avoid mold spores. Reduce moisture around the bathroom, kitchen and other areas where there is a lot of water. Here are some ways you can reduce mold:

  • Don’t run your showers for a long time before bathing.
  • Use dehumidifiers to reduce both mold and dust mites.
  • Use humidity monitors.
  • Limit yourself to a few house plants.
  • Fix all leaks and other causes of damp areas.
  • If you see mold on a surface, clean it immediately. Wear a mask and clean the surface each week to keep it from returning.

Control cockroaches. Do not leave food or garbage uncovered. Use poison baits, boric acid and traps instead of chemicals. Chemicals may irritate your sinuses and asthma.

The post How Can I Control Indoor Allergens and Improve Indoor Air Quality? appeared first on Oklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic.

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